What is a Dental Crown?
A dental crown is a restoration that is placed over a broken or damaged tooth to restore its shape, function, and appearance. The crown completely covers the visible part of the tooth above the gum line, acting like a protective shell.
Crowns are commonly used to restore teeth that are cracked, worn, heavily restored, or have undergone root canal treatment. The materials used for crowns can vary and include porcelain, ceramic, metal, or resin. The location and function of the crown will determine the material used. The crown functions like a natural tooth and can last 10–15 years with good care.
When getting a crown, you will be required to make multiple trips to the dentist. The initial appointment will involve an examination and an x-ray to check the tooth, roots, and surrounding bone. At this stage, impressions will also be taken of the surrounding teeth to create a custom-fit crown. At the following appointment, the crown will be fitted. If the fit is appropriate, it will be cemented. If the fit is not appropriate, the crown may need to be sent back to the lab for adjustment.
How does a dental crown work?
A dental crown works by shaping the core of the tooth and taking an impression of it to allow a lab to fabricate a porcelain crown to place over a damaged or decayed tooth to restore its shape, size, strength and appearance.
Once the tooth is cemented into place, it is a permanent part of your smile. You can eat, speak, and smile as you would normally with a natural tooth. The process of getting a dental crown typically involves two appointments.
Am I Suitable to Get This Treatment?
Most people are suitable for crowns if they have damaged, weakened, or compromised teeth in need of long-term restoration. However, there may be certain cases where a crown may not be suitable. These cases include:
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What is the treatment process for a Dental Crown?
Dental crown treatments are common procedures in dental practices and involve several steps.
Preparation of the tooth
The dentist will inspect the tooth, root, and surrounding bone. The core of the tooth will then be shaped in preparation for the crown. The colour of the crown is also selected at this stage.
Taking impressions
An impression of the surrounding teeth is taken so a custom crown can be made to fit your tooth and mouth. These impressions are sent to the lab where the crown is fabricated.
Temporary crown
While the permanent crown is being made, a temporary crown may be fitted for functional and aesthetic purposes.
Fitting the permanent crown
Once the permanent crown is ready, the dentist will assess the fit. If suitable, it will be cemented. If not, it may be returned to the lab for adjustment. Once cemented, the crown provides stability and longevity.
Alternative treatments
Crowns are not the only solution to worn or weakened teeth. Depending on the function or goal for the tooth, alternative treatments may be used. These include:
Fillings
Appropriate if the area is minimally decayed or damaged.
Inlays and onlays
Suitable for teeth too damaged for a filling. These are custom-made restorations bonded to the tooth’s surface.
Composite bonding
A quick and affordable solution for aesthetic improvements.
Veneers
Useful for improving discolouration, shape, or minor misalignment.
Extraction
If the tooth is too damaged to be restored, it may need to be extracted. This can then be replaced with an implant, bridge, or denture.
Questions about dental crowns
Frequently Asked Questions
Are dental crowns permanent?
Dental crowns are intended to be permanent but may need changing over time due to appearance. This is due to the fact that the crown can become worn down or damaged over time. The lifespan of a dental crown can vary, but the durability of the crown can allow them to last for up to 15 years or more.
Appropriate oral hygiene is essential for the longevity of a crown. Brushing and flossing, as well as routine check-ups can help preserve the crown.
If the crown does become damaged, the process involves removing the old crown and repeating the treatment process again.
What are dental crowns made of?
Dental crowns used today are primarily made of porcelain. However, crowns can also be made from metal or ceramic materials.
Porcelain is commonly used because it blends well with natural teeth and provides a natural, aesthetic result. However, patients must be mindful of potential chipping and cracking. This risk can be reduced by avoiding placing non-food objects in the mouth.
Why are dental crowns used?
Dental crowns are prosthetic devices that cover or cap a damaged tooth. They restore the tooth’s shape, size, strength, and appearance. Crowns are commonly used for teeth affected by extensive decay, fractures, or root canal therapy.
They can serve both functional and aesthetic purposes, such as:
Protecting a weak tooth. After extensive wear, a large filling is needed, or to prevent a cracked tooth from breaking further.
Restoring a broken or worn tooth. Often due to grinding or bruxism.
Protecting a tooth after root canal treatment. Especially if the tooth is prone to fracture.
Improving appearance. For cosmetic enhancements.
Acting as an anchor. To hold a dental bridge in place.
Why are tooth crowns so expensive?
Tooth crowns are relatively expensive because of the materials and expertise required. The materials must withstand heat, cold, and saliva for prolonged periods while maintaining durability and aesthetics.
The complexity of the procedure and the skill needed to ensure that crowns are long-lasting and natural-looking are also factored into the cost. In addition, as the crown is fabricated in a dental lab, laboratory fees are included in the price.
How long do tooth crowns last?
Tooth crowns are a long-term restorative solution. A well-fitted crown should last at least 10 years, and often longer. However, several factors affect their longevity, including:
Oral hygiene habits. Brushing and flossing daily reduces the risk of decay around the crown’s margin. Poor hygiene can lead to gum disease or cavities, shortening the lifespan of the crown.
Bruxism. Grinding or clenching teeth can crack, chip, or loosen a crown. A night guard may be recommended to protect it.
Diet and eating habits. Frequently consuming hard or sticky foods can dislodge a crown. Using teeth to open objects or biting hard items like pens can also cause damage.
If a crown does dislodge, the dentist may be able to recement it, depending on the situation. However, this is not always possible.
Are tooth crowns necessary?
Tooth crowns are necessary when a tooth is too damaged to be repaired with other treatments. Situations where a crown may be required include:
Large cavities or fillings. If too much of the tooth structure is lost, a filling alone will not be strong enough.
Cracked or broken teeth. A crown can hold the tooth together and protect it from further damage or sensitivity.
Post-root canal treatment. Teeth may become brittle after root canal treatment, and a crown helps prevent fractures.
Worn-down teeth. Teeth affected by bruxism (grinding or clenching) can be restored to their natural shape with crowns.
Cosmetic improvements. Crowns can restore teeth that are misshapen, discoloured, or poorly aligned, particularly when veneers are not suitable.
Pros and cons of crowns
Pros
Crowns provide several benefits:
Protect and strengthen damaged teeth.
Restore tooth function, including chewing, speaking, and eating.
Improve appearance.
Long-lasting.
Custom fit.
Cons
However, there are drawbacks to consider:
Irreversible tooth preparation, as healthy tooth structure must be removed.
High cost.
Potential to crack, loosen, or fall off.
May require replacement over time due to wear or loosening.
How much does a dental crown cost?
A dental crown usually costs between €850–€950, depending on the type of porcelain or material used.
The price reflects the high-quality materials required, which must endure heat, cold, and saliva long-term while maintaining durability and aesthetics. The complexity of the procedure, the expertise required, and laboratory fees for fabricating the crown also contribute to the overall cost.